Difference between revisions of "AmmoniaSensor"

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=14 April 2023=
  
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=Date conducted?=
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An experiment was conducted to test the ammonia levels in water samples with turbidity of 0, 10, 20, 35, 80, 160 and 250. The data collected were then compared to the results obtained in experiments conducted in February and March as well as the lab data. Currently, the lab data coincides with the actual ammonia concentration in the samples and future works include testing for samples with ammonia concentration of more than 1mg/L. The comparisons were shown in the graph below.
 +
[[File:Graph comparison.jpg|thumb|center|600px]]
  
−
An experiment was conducted to test the ammonia levels in water samples with turbidity of 0, 10, 20, 35, 80, 160 and 250. The data collected were then compared to the results obtained in experiments conducted in February and March as well as the lab data. The comparisons were shown in the graph below.
+
=19 April 2023=
−
[[File:Graph comparison.jpg|thumb|center|500px]]
+
 
 +
A new experiment was conducted on 19th April, this time we decided to include ammonia concentration level higher than 1mg/L N into our testing range as well.
 +
 
 +
The range of ammonia tested this time would be 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 mg/L N.
 +
 
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
! Sample ID !!Turbidity(NTU) !! Colour Temperature !! Estimated Ammonia Concentration(mg/L) !! Actual Ammonia result (mg/L)
 +
|-
 +
|rowspan = "3"|BYR 0.2 || rowspan = "6"| 21||3350 ||0.1||rowspan = "6"| 0.20
 +
|-
 +
|3388||0.1
 +
|-
 +
|3540||0.2
 +
|-
 +
|BYR 0.1(-1) ||5962
 +
|-
 +
|BYR 0.1(-2) ||6024
 +
|-
 +
|BYR 0.1(-3) ||6174
 +
|-
 +
|rowspan = "3"|BYR 0.5 || rowspan = "6"| 22||3960 ||0.425||rowspan = "6"| 0.48
 +
|-
 +
|3896||0.425
 +
|-
 +
|3907||0.425
 +
|-
 +
|BYR 0.5(-1) ||5962
 +
|-
 +
|BYR 0.5(-2) ||6024
 +
|-
 +
|BYR 0.5(-3) ||6174
 +
|-
 +
|rowspan = "3"|BYR 1 || rowspan = "6"| 20||4522 ||0.625||rowspan = "6"| 0.92
 +
|-
 +
|4877||0.77
 +
|-
 +
|4877||0.77
 +
|-
 +
|BYR 1(-1) ||6105
 +
|-
 +
|BYR 1(-2) ||6263
 +
|-
 +
|BYR 1(-3) ||6618
 +
|-
 +
|rowspan = "3"|BYR 2 || rowspan = "6"| 21||5830 ||rowspan = "3"|>1 mg/L ||rowspan = "6"| 1.8
 +
|-
 +
|6572
 +
|-
 +
|6307
 +
|-
 +
|BYR 2(-1) ||6203
 +
|-
 +
|BYR 2(-2) ||6445
 +
|-
 +
|BYR 2(-3) ||6260
 +
|-
 +
|rowspan = "3"|BYR 5|| rowspan = "6"| 18||11536||rowspan = "3"|>1 mg/L ||rowspan = "6"| 4.9
 +
|-
 +
|12943
 +
|-
 +
|10223
 +
|-
 +
|BYR 2(-1) ||6247
 +
|-
 +
|BYR 2(-2) ||6372
 +
|-
 +
|BYR 2(-3) ||6396
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
Using our previous sensor and lab results, we were able to create a more linear graph that could help us with the estimation of our ammonia sensor accuracy.
 +
 
 +
The graph is as follows :
 +
 
 +
[[File:Ammonia graph.png|thumb|center|600px]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
As shown, the current result for ammonia range between 0.1 to 5 mg/L seems to correlate pretty well with lab results
 +
 
 +
=8 May 2023=
 +
 
 +
A new set of experiments were conducted on May 8th with the Ammonia sensor to fill the gap in the current regression plot, by testing new samples of stormwater with ammonia concentrations of 3.5, 7,5, 10, and 12 mg/L.
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
! Sample ID !! Turbidity(NTU) !! Colour Temperature !! Estimated Ammonia Concentration(mg/L) !! Actual Ammonia result (mg/L)
 +
|-
 +
| sample 1.1||22.1| 22.1|| 10410|| 4.24 || 3.2
 +
|-
 +
| sample 1.2|| 21.5|| 9124|| 3.55|| 3.2
 +
|-
 +
| sample 1.3|| 20.8|| 9264|| 3.54|| 3.2
 +
|-
 +
| sample 2.1 || 23.3|| 9147|| 6.90|| 6.7
 +
|-
 +
| sample 2.2|| 22.3|| 14945|| 7.04|| 6.7
 +
|-
 +
| sample 2.3|| 21.6|| 15322|| 6.99|| 6.7
 +
|-
 +
| sample 3.1|| 21.7|| 15302|| 8.04|| 9.0
 +
|-
 +
| sample 3.2||20|| 17182|| 8.17|| 9.0
 +
|-
 +
| sample 4.1|| 19.2|| 17596|| 9.81|| 11.2
 +
|-
 +
| sample 4.2|| 18.4|| 20631|| 9.15|| 11.2
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
Using our previous sensor and lab results, we were able to update our linear graph.
 +
 
 +
The graph is as follows :
 +
 
 +
[[File:May.png|thumb|centre|600px]]
 +
 
 +
Based on the recent results, our sensor can cover a wider range of ammonia concentrations up to 11 mg/L.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
=1 June 2023=
 +
 
 +
While testing some new concentrations, we found that if either of the SCL and SDA wires is disconnected, color temperature results will be a constant value of 1391.
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Pic.jpg|thumb|SCL and SDA wires disconnected|left|150px]] || [[File:Disconnected.png|thumb|Sensor results when SCL and SDA wires are disconnected|left|200px]]
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
 
 +
=25 March 2024=
 +
 
 +
'''Automated continues ammonia sensor'''
 +
After successfully developing the proof of concept for the ammonia sensor in an in-situ setup, we moved forward to develop an automated version of the sensor capable of collecting water samples and testing the concentration of ammonia with no external interaction needed.
 +
A primary setup was developed using a modified version of the [[MAD-AS]], a waterproof chamber, and a mixer. In summary, two pumps were deployed to input a specified volume of water and reagents into a waterproof chamber containing the color sensor and LED. The solution was then mixed thoroughly using a waterproof mixer, and the color was transformed to RGB values afterward. The following picture shows the experimental setup and results of the continuous reading.
 +
{|
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Picture1.png|thumb|The primary automated continues ammonia sensor]]
 +
|-
 +
| [[File:Picture2.png|thumb|The result of testing various ammonia concentrations using the primary automated setup. Ammonia concentration on the X-axis and color-temperature values on the Y-axis.]]
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
After successfully getting positive results from the primary automated setup of the ammonia sensor, we moved forward to design a final comprehensive waterproof design that can be used in the actual environment. This design contains all the components from the primary setup lined into a MAD-AS case with a waterproof shell that can be inserted into water. In this design, the micro-controller board (BoSL board V 0.5) will be outside of the sensor connecting all the components using two eternal cables. The following figures show the waterproof 3D design model and the printed version.
 +
{|
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
[[File:Picture3.png|thumb|3D model design of the water proof version of the automated ammonia sensor]]
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 +
||
 +
[[File:Close sensor.jpg|thumb|Actual 3D printed and assembled sensor ]]
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|
 +
||
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[[File:WhatsApp Video 2024-05-23 at 11.56.10 7ab67ed7.mp4|thumb|A video showing the components inside the waterproof sensor]]
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|}
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 +
=23 May 2024=
 +
 
 +
'''Colorimetric nitrate sensor'''
 +
 
 +
After finding a similar test kit for nitrate, we have adapted our sensor to be able to measure nitrate too. The process started with using the in-situ setup to validate the possibility of the hypothesis. based on the results it was found that the nitrate test kit correlated with color temperature values with a logarithmic fit. Then, to further validate the correlation, different turbidity values and actual environmental samples were tested on this setup. The results showed that the nitrate test kit was not impacted by different turbidity levels. So we moved on and tested the automated version with the nitrate sensor.
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
 
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
[[File:Colors.png|thumb|Developed colors for different concentration of nitrate]]
 +
||
 +
[[File:Screenshot 2024-05-23 131003.png|thumb|In-situ setup of the nitrate sensor]]
 +
|-
 +
||
 +
[[File:Nitrate in-situ results.png|thumb|The results of in-situ nitrate sensor for various concentrations with different turbidity levels]]
 +
 +
||
 +
[[File:Screenshot 2024-05-23 130730.png|thumb|Predicted vs actual values of different water samples using the developed correlation]]
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
'''Testing with the waterproof sensor'''
 +
 
 +
We tested nitrate samples using the newest developed sensor (the waterproof version) in the lab. You can find the results here:
 +
{| class="wikitable"
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
[[File:Open sensor.jpg|thumb|Disassembled water proof sensor]]
 +
||
 +
[[File:Lab results water proof.png|thumb|Nitrate calibration results using the waterproof sensor]]
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
We plan to test actual environmental water samples for nitrate and ammonia using the waterproof setup and move on to test the sensor in the field.

Latest revision as of 03:51, 23 May 2024

We plan to make a simple ammonia sensor that make use of ammonia test kit. This test kit works by taking 5ml of water that you want to test and then mixed with the coloring agent that are given by the test kit. After mixing the water will develop a color which corresponds to the level of ammonia that the water had. Testing code (for use on arduino Uno) : File:Tcs34725 testing.ino note: if this code is going to be used to run on the bosl board, just recalculate the value on the analogwrite that are used to power the LED to achieve 2.7v

18 August 2022

We found a color sensor that had a potential for being used in this projects. TCS34725 sensor works by detecting red, green and blue color spectrum and intensity into signal. Based on the early testing that we got from this sensor, it was able to perceive the color difference on an object but the accuracy of the colors are dependent on how much the reflection of color could come to the sensors.

Testing Result

Using the current sensor we are going to test it directly with a sample water containing ammonia in various level from 0-8 ppm that are set to follow the color level chart from the test kit. The water is put in a clear 5ml container so we could shine light through the container to get the proper color reading.

Ammonia water.jpg

From the experiment, we found that we could get a better reading if we used external light source than using the build in one as the source of light is too close towards the sensor which could affect the reading. We used the flashlight of our phone as our source of light and put the 5ml container above the light and have it glow through it from the bottom of the container.

  • Testing Setup

  • Testing setup w/ light

From the testing result we got the following value as seen in the graph below. Color Temp Chart.png

10 October 2022

Testing for ammonia at different level concentration of Ammonia from 1- 8 ppm. Redoing the test since there is a possibility of a wrong concentration that are used in the previous test.

Color Temp Chart 10102022
PPM Colour Temp SD
1 4525 4.01
2 5624 15.83
3 7514 87.40
4 9902 146.18
5 11607 65.38
6 12787 485.55
7 16072 131.30
8 17669 456.84

  • Ammonia Test Bottle 10 Oct

11 October 2022

Testing the ammonia level below from 0 – 1 ppm at various level of concentration

Color Temp 11 Oct
PPM Colour Temp SD
0 2588 3.39
0.2 2969 19.90
0.4 3217 27.75
0.5 3491 6.03
0.6 3601 13.42
0.8 3883 9.88
1.0 4573 54.60

  • Ammonia Test Bottle 11 Oct

All test that we have done so far are done with DI water. Next step we will try using water with some turbidity and see if there's a significant difference on the result.


25 October 2022

Make a new prototype case for the ammonia sensor For now the case still use a phone as a light source. The next iteration will integrade the case with an LED light source.


Prototype Ammonia Sensor Case.jpg


22 November 2022

Done testing the sensor with lake water as our new base for dilution. With this new test we also tried a new LED light that we got that could operate from 2.7V - 3V. During the testing we will also want to know if this new light source have a significant impact to the reading. For the first test we set the LED at 2.7V and the result are shown below.


Color Value *the -1 represents the lake water without the ammonia coloring additives
PPM LED Light Phone Light
-1* 6022.05 5960.86
0 2886.62 2843.14
0.2 2998 3026.10
0.5 3672.67 3737.43
0.8 4209.57 4206.05
1 4648.29 4714.81
2 6856.10 6897.10
3 9102.57 939347.24
4 10470.10 11794.30
5 13100.2 14585
6 14688.6 15453.7
7 16866.1 16039.2
8 12158.1 17927.5


Colour Value 22112022.png


Based on the results, the new LED light gave almost the same result from 0 - 4 ppm compared when we used the original phone for the light source. Above that level, the sensor gave a lower reading and goes weird at 7-8 ppm. This might be affected by the amount of lights that are captured by the sensor as the higher ppm solution have a darker color and it absorbs most of the light that are coming out from the led light, reducing the sensor ability to read the correct value.


Lux Value 22112022.png




5 December 2022

Turbidity test on ammonia solution Test are done on by making a 0.4 ppm solution on a 50ml container by dilution. The dilution are done by DI water that are mixed with various value of mud to replicate the effect of turbidity on various level.

One thing that we done wrong on this level is having the turbid water mixed outside of the 50 ml bottle hence, we haven't actually validate if the concentration of the ammonia is the same on all container.

But preliminary result from the testing shows that turbidity does affect the reading as the color of the liquid goes more towards yellow with the increase in turbidity.

Ammonia Test
NTU MIN AVG MAX STD DEV
0 4672 4688.33 4708 10.85
17.2 3570 3581.29 3593 7.22
33.6 3485 3491.24 3498 3.46
111 3229 3239.67 3252 6.89
140 3061 3074.71 3086 8.10

Turbidity Test DI water 5 dec 2022.png 05122022.jpg

9 December 2022

The main point of the testing is to capture the relationship between turbidity and ammonia concentration in the reading. Since turbidity may have a variance in between subsample that are taken. To ensure the same level of turbidity the test are done by first ensuring the subsample of the turbidity liquid are in the acceptable range. steps taken are as follow :

  1. Shake the main sample turbidity bottle
  2. take half of the turbidity liquid into the sampling bottle (7ml/15ml)
  3. Re-shake the main sample turbidity bottle
  4. fill the other half into the sampling bottle
  5. shake the sampling bottle and do a turbidity measurement on the subsample.
  6. repeat step 1- 5 until we have 5 sub sample
  7. Start dosing ammonia into the subsample.


Results are as follow:

PPM NTU 9 Dec 2022.jpg
10 20
7.71 7.78 7.94 8.27 9.45 22.2 23.3 24.6 25.3 25.7
-1 6920.86 6617.29
0 3218.76 2992.29
0.1 3399.00 3382.48
0.2 3792.38 3996.86
0.4 4140.86 4984.48
0.8 5264.67 4984.48

11 January 2023

We redid the test step that are done on 9 Dec and tried with more different levels of NTU, the results are as shown below.

NTU Group 0 10 20 35 80 160 250
PPM Actual NTU Avg Color Value Actual NTU Avg Color Value Actual NTU Avg Color Value Actual NTU Avg Color Value Actual NTU Avg Color Value Actual NTU Avg Color Value Actual NTU Avg Color Value
-1 0 7064.05 12.5 6732.57 21.1 6479.90 35.4 6346.33 78.2 5714.90 156 5221.43 244 4286.00
0 0 3239.19 12.5 3317.52 21.1 3183.71 35.4 3095.48 78.2 2856.29 156 2857.14 244 2696.10
0.1 0 3472.62 14.1 3460.62 22.8 3389.52 34.9 3345.19 81 3186.19 162 3027.24 252 2880.62
0.2 0 3475.90 11.1 3524.19 20.6 3451.95 35.3 3403.14 84.9 3293.00 165 3130.38 250 2927.29
0.4 0 3923.95 13.7 3741.95 21 3890.14 35.3 3866.14 82.4 3548.33 164 3362.43 259 3222.14
0.8 0 4628.43 12.8 4570.95 21.4 4891.90 32.3 4698.67 84.6 4481.57 169 4249.48 261 3839.71
1 0 4788.00 11.7 4870.19 21.7 4953.29 34.5 4793.33 83.2 4663.00 167 4277.71 259 4012.57
Main Graph Color Value from 0 - 1 PPM
Color Value 110123.png 12 Jan 0 - 1 PPM.png

Qualitative analysis: - The higher the NTU the lower the color value reading will be - Trend wise they all seems to have an upward slope although from 0 - 35 NTU the size of the slope seems a bit random. - Compared to previous reading, the 0 NTU seems to have a higher reading which might suggest there could be contamination affecting our testing or the new test kit that we used may have different concentration than the one we previously used ( although unlikely to happen).

Regression

NTU Regression
0 y = 1607.5x + 3251.6
10 y = 1594.7x + 3249.8
20 y = 1920x + 3160.1
35 y = 1789.4x + 3121.4
80 y = 1814x + 2915.6
160 y = 1535.1x + 2844.4
250 y = 1347.3x + 2701.7

If we tried to extract the linear regression from each line, the each level will gave us the regression as shown in the table above. Overall the intercept shows a gradual decrease with an increase in NTU. The slope on the other hand are quite random having value range from 1347.3 - 1814.

30 January 2023

Testing for the effect of temperature to the reading of ammonia color. We do all of the test with DI water in different temperature. To make it hotter we use a lab induction stove to heat the water before we put the water in the 5ml tube. For the colder temp, we just put it in the fridge while monitoring the temp. After that we dose the different ammonia level into each testing tube. The temperature are being measured using a infrared thermometer.

Data that we got as follow:

Temperature PPM Color Temp Water Temp
Hot (40 C) -1 6765.380952 54.1
0 2805.047619 40
0.1 2870.380952 39.9
0.2 2849.714286 40.1
0.4 3509.190476 40.1
0.8 3611.095238 39.6
1 3879.380952 39.8
Room Temp (24 C) -1 7172.857143 23.7
0 3187.857143 24.8
0.1 3201.619048 24.6
0.2 3452.142857 24.3
0.4 3800.047619 24.2
0.8 4285 24.5
1 4689.714286 24.4
Cold (14 C) -1 6687.095238 12.1
0 3064.142857 14
0.1 3343.095238 13.5
0.2 3448.47619 13.2
0.4 3848.904762 14
0.8 4463.761905 14
1 5105.333333 14
Main Graph Color Value from 0 - 1 PPM
Main Chart 30012023.png Color Temp Chart 30012023.png

From the data we saw that higher temperature could affect the reading as it could reduce the value by 400 kelvin lower compared to the room temperature readout. As such, getting sample in an area with a hotter might affect the readout more.

3 February 2023

We do the same testing as before, but with different temperature. The results are as follow:

Category PPM Color Temp Water Temp
Hot (28 C) -1 6835.52 28.1
0 3008.76 26.6
0.1 3122.52 27.4
0.2 3219.57 27.5
0.4 3515.76 27.4
0.8 3946.62 27
1 4321.86 27.3
Room Temp (22 C) -1 6866.48 21.5
0 3125.19 22.1
0.1 3390.00 22.1
0.2 3485.19 22.1
0.4 3855.67 21.9
0.8 4422.05 21.9
1 4999.33 21.9
Cold (18 C) -1 6659.62 15.9
0 3124.33 19.4
0.1 3310.38 18.6
0.2 3403.43 18.6
0.4 3869.67 18.6
0.8 4465.19 18.4
1 4865.62 18.6
Main Graph Main Chart 03022023.png Color Value from 0 - 1 PPM Color Temp Chart 03022023.png
Main Graph Combined Main Chart Combined 03022023.png Color Value from 0 - 1 PPM Combined Color Temp Chart Combined 03022023.png

With this test we tried to lower the difference in the changes of temperature of the water and see if the change that we got on the previous test are only happened due to high temp difference, but apparently even a hotter water at 28 degrees already have the same effect albeit lower than when it was heated up to 40 degrees

13 February 2023

We retested the ammonia samples of different turbidities ranging from 0 NTU to 200 NTU with the low-cost ammonia sensor. 10 random samples were selected to be analysed for the ammonia concentration in the lab. The table below shows the measured and chemically analysed ammonia concentration of the 10 selected samples.

Sample ID Concentration (mgL) NTU Date collected NH3 analysed (mg/L N)
1 0.1 0 13/2/2023 1.0
2 0.1 20 13/2/2023 0.092
3 0.1 200 13/2/2023 0.092
4 0.4 0 13/2/2023 0.36
5 0.4 40 13/2/2023 0.37
6 0.8 120 14/2/2023 0.71
7 2.0 20 13/2/2023 1.8
8 2.0 120 14/2/2023 1.7
9 2.0 200 14/2/2023 1.7
10 5.0 90 14/2/2023 4.7
Detection Limit 0.001
Date of analysis 16/2/2023

22 February 2023

10 dry stormwater samples were collected at three different sites (Cardinia - 3 samples, Dandenong Creek - 3 samples and Troups Creek - 4 samples). The turbidities for each samples were measured and then tested with the ammonia sensor without adding any ammonia solution. From the colour values obtained, the level of ammonia can be estimated from the calibration curve. All the stormwater samples were frozen and sent for testing on 1st March 2023. The results for both methods are tabulated below.

Site Turbidity (NTU) Colour value Estimated ammonia (mg/L) NH3 analysed (mg/L N)
Without reagent With reagent
DC 1 14.3 6375 3145 0.01 0.03
DC 2 17 6668 3181 0.025 0.017
DC 3 15.3 6673 3244 0.05 0.005
Cardinia 1 20 6127 3086 0.025 0.006
Cardinia 2 18.7 6244 3076 0.025 0.005
Cardinia 3 19.1 6543 3019 0.025 0.013
TC inlet 4.53 6666 3241 0.025 0.005
TC mid 76.1 5787 3037 0.075 0.048
TC outlet 44.4 6085 3030 0.025 0.001
TC sedimentation 54 6132 2968 0.025 0.001

16 March 2023

Another lab experiment conducted with storm water collected from LangLang River, however this time it is spiked with waste water collected from Pankenham. The experiment was conducted in the following manner :

  1. Three 100ml of storm water standard solutions were prepared, 0%, 0.5% and 5% waste water concentration respectively.
  2. Turbidity readings were taken 3 times right after the standard solutions are prepared
  3. Each standard solution were separated into 2 50ml falcon tube, 1 for our ammonia sensor testing, another for ammonia concentration evaluation
  4. Each standard solution were tested 3 times using our ammonia testing kit, 3 minute resting time was given to each testing vials for the chemicals to fully react

The following table shows the result of this experiment:

Sample ID Percentage of Waste Water Turbidity(NTU) Temperature Colour Temperature Estimated Ammonia Concentration(mg/L) Actual Ammonia Concentratoin (mg/L)
LL 0% 0% 17.2 19.6 2868 0 0.011
2948
2838
LL 0% (-1) 5506
LL 0.5% 0.5% 18.6 19.6 4117 0.475 0.67
4036 0.45
4000 0.44
LL 0.5% (-1) 5492
LL 5% 5% 24 19.6 6777 >1 5.2
7021
6775
6905
6969
6968
LL 0.5% (-1) 5228

(-1) represent no colour reagent was added into the solution, representing the raw solution colour. And 5% waste water solution was repeated 6 times because the colour temperature disparity between the first 3 readings are >2000.

Currently, the ammonia concentration that is above 1mg/L N will overshoot the existing calibration curve that we use for estimating ammonia concentration.

22 March 2023

Based on the 16th March results, 5 different ammonia concentration is made this time, with the currently calculated ammonia concentration in our waste water, standard solutions of 0.1mg/L, 0.2mg/L, 0.4mg/L, 0.8 mg/L and 1.2 mg/L ammonia concentration are made.

Using previous lab result, the concentration of ammonia in the waste water is estimated to be 104 - 134 mg/L.

The same experiment as 16th March has been performed, as per its procedure.

Here are the following result:

Sample ID Turbidity(NTU) Colour Temperature Estimated Ammonia Concentration(mg/L)
LL 0.1 18.43 3112 0.025
3123 0.025
3267 0.06
LL 0.1(-1) 6242
LL 0.2 17.33 3094 0
3245 0.05
3241 0.05
LL 0.2(-1) 6102
LL 0.4 19.13 3489 0.225
3731 0.325
3371 0.075
LL 0.4(-1) 6102
LL 0.8 18.46 3978 0.45
3746 0.325
3734 0.325
LL 0.8(-1) 5935
LL 1.2 20.63 4219 0.525
4173 0.425
4380 0.59
LL 1.2(-1) 6383

14 April 2023

An experiment was conducted to test the ammonia levels in water samples with turbidity of 0, 10, 20, 35, 80, 160 and 250. The data collected were then compared to the results obtained in experiments conducted in February and March as well as the lab data. Currently, the lab data coincides with the actual ammonia concentration in the samples and future works include testing for samples with ammonia concentration of more than 1mg/L. The comparisons were shown in the graph below.

Graph comparison.jpg

19 April 2023

A new experiment was conducted on 19th April, this time we decided to include ammonia concentration level higher than 1mg/L N into our testing range as well.

The range of ammonia tested this time would be 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 mg/L N.

Sample ID Turbidity(NTU) Colour Temperature Estimated Ammonia Concentration(mg/L) Actual Ammonia result (mg/L)
BYR 0.2 21 3350 0.1 0.20
3388 0.1
3540 0.2
BYR 0.1(-1) 5962
BYR 0.1(-2) 6024
BYR 0.1(-3) 6174
BYR 0.5 22 3960 0.425 0.48
3896 0.425
3907 0.425
BYR 0.5(-1) 5962
BYR 0.5(-2) 6024
BYR 0.5(-3) 6174
BYR 1 20 4522 0.625 0.92
4877 0.77
4877 0.77
BYR 1(-1) 6105
BYR 1(-2) 6263
BYR 1(-3) 6618
BYR 2 21 5830 >1 mg/L 1.8
6572
6307
BYR 2(-1) 6203
BYR 2(-2) 6445
BYR 2(-3) 6260
BYR 5 18 11536 >1 mg/L 4.9
12943
10223
BYR 2(-1) 6247
BYR 2(-2) 6372
BYR 2(-3) 6396

Using our previous sensor and lab results, we were able to create a more linear graph that could help us with the estimation of our ammonia sensor accuracy.

The graph is as follows :

Ammonia graph.png


As shown, the current result for ammonia range between 0.1 to 5 mg/L seems to correlate pretty well with lab results

8 May 2023

A new set of experiments were conducted on May 8th with the Ammonia sensor to fill the gap in the current regression plot, by testing new samples of stormwater with ammonia concentrations of 3.5, 7,5, 10, and 12 mg/L.

Sample ID Turbidity(NTU) Colour Temperature Estimated Ammonia Concentration(mg/L) Actual Ammonia result (mg/L)
sample 1.1 22.1 10410 4.24 3.2
sample 1.2 21.5 9124 3.55 3.2
sample 1.3 20.8 9264 3.54 3.2
sample 2.1 23.3 9147 6.90 6.7
sample 2.2 22.3 14945 7.04 6.7
sample 2.3 21.6 15322 6.99 6.7
sample 3.1 21.7 15302 8.04 9.0
sample 3.2 20 17182 8.17 9.0
sample 4.1 19.2 17596 9.81 11.2
sample 4.2 18.4 20631 9.15 11.2

Using our previous sensor and lab results, we were able to update our linear graph.

The graph is as follows :

May.png

Based on the recent results, our sensor can cover a wider range of ammonia concentrations up to 11 mg/L.


1 June 2023

While testing some new concentrations, we found that if either of the SCL and SDA wires is disconnected, color temperature results will be a constant value of 1391.

SCL and SDA wires disconnected
Sensor results when SCL and SDA wires are disconnected





25 March 2024

Automated continues ammonia sensor After successfully developing the proof of concept for the ammonia sensor in an in-situ setup, we moved forward to develop an automated version of the sensor capable of collecting water samples and testing the concentration of ammonia with no external interaction needed. A primary setup was developed using a modified version of the MAD-AS, a waterproof chamber, and a mixer. In summary, two pumps were deployed to input a specified volume of water and reagents into a waterproof chamber containing the color sensor and LED. The solution was then mixed thoroughly using a waterproof mixer, and the color was transformed to RGB values afterward. The following picture shows the experimental setup and results of the continuous reading.

The primary automated continues ammonia sensor
The result of testing various ammonia concentrations using the primary automated setup. Ammonia concentration on the X-axis and color-temperature values on the Y-axis.

After successfully getting positive results from the primary automated setup of the ammonia sensor, we moved forward to design a final comprehensive waterproof design that can be used in the actual environment. This design contains all the components from the primary setup lined into a MAD-AS case with a waterproof shell that can be inserted into water. In this design, the micro-controller board (BoSL board V 0.5) will be outside of the sensor connecting all the components using two eternal cables. The following figures show the waterproof 3D design model and the printed version.

3D model design of the water proof version of the automated ammonia sensor
Actual 3D printed and assembled sensor
A video showing the components inside the waterproof sensor

23 May 2024

Colorimetric nitrate sensor

After finding a similar test kit for nitrate, we have adapted our sensor to be able to measure nitrate too. The process started with using the in-situ setup to validate the possibility of the hypothesis. based on the results it was found that the nitrate test kit correlated with color temperature values with a logarithmic fit. Then, to further validate the correlation, different turbidity values and actual environmental samples were tested on this setup. The results showed that the nitrate test kit was not impacted by different turbidity levels. So we moved on and tested the automated version with the nitrate sensor.

Developed colors for different concentration of nitrate
In-situ setup of the nitrate sensor
The results of in-situ nitrate sensor for various concentrations with different turbidity levels
Predicted vs actual values of different water samples using the developed correlation

Testing with the waterproof sensor

We tested nitrate samples using the newest developed sensor (the waterproof version) in the lab. You can find the results here:

Disassembled water proof sensor
Nitrate calibration results using the waterproof sensor

We plan to test actual environmental water samples for nitrate and ammonia using the waterproof setup and move on to test the sensor in the field.

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